Sumber Ragam Teks Bahasa Inggris

1. Caution

Kata atau ungkapan yang digunakan untuk memperingatkan atau memberi peringatan pada orang agar menghindari sesuatu atau tidak melakukan sesuatu.

Contoh:

Do not accept if the seal is broken

Warning

Do not aim the camera directly into the sun or

at other intense light resources that could damaga your eyesight

2. Greeting card

Pesan tertulis yang biasanya berisi ucapan selamat, turut bahagia, dan sejenisnya, disampaikan pada momen tertentu seperti lebaran, natal, ulang tahun, pernikahan, dan lain-lain.

Contoh:

Dear Kadita,
Congratulation on your success to be the student of the first rank.
Yours,
Ratu

3. Short message

Teks yang berisi satu atau sejumlah kecil kabar, informasi, atau perintah dari satu orang untuk seseorang yang lain. Umumnya diramu dalam bahasa yang singkat dan padat.

Contoh:

Please call my wife and tell her I’m attending the meeting.
Tell her I’ll be home at 7:30.
Our phone no is 022-5403518
Seanu Prabu

4. Invitation

Informasi atau pesan tertulis yang tujuannya mengajak atau mengundang seseorang atau sejumlah kecil orang untuk hadir pada event tertentu.

Contoh:

My special day is coming
I turn to seven and keep growing
Mom and Dad are having a party
They say it is for me
Your smiling gace we hope to see
So come and bring your family, it will be lots of fun
The party begins at three and at five it’s all done
Saturday, February 14, 2009
Mahadewi’s house 12 Tebu Ireng Street, Pasir Jati Housing Complex

5. Announcement

Suatu tulisan untuk mengabarkan kepada khalayak tentang suatu event atau kegiatan (umumnya) yang akan berlangsung atau diselenggarakan.

Contoh:

Announcement

To celebrate the 40th school anniversay, each class is supposed to send one volleyball team, one basketball team, and 2 badminton players for the sport competitions. They will be held from May 21 until June 10. For further details, read the information board next to the wall magazine or contact Seanu Ratu, the chief of the committee, at 085323013144 at any time you wish.

6. Advertisement

Memberitahukan sekaligus menawarkan produk dan jasa, atau juga meminta produk dan jasa. Bahasa yang digunakan umumnya singkat padat, namun komunikatif dan informatif. Beberapa kata acapkali disingkat untuk penghematan kolom dan spasi display.

Contoh:

Vacancy

We need educators who meet these qualifications:
► (S-1) in English
► Less than 35 years old
► Good performance

Send Your:
►a pplication letter, CV, certificate, academic transcript, recent photograph to:

NYOROCOS COURSE
Jl. Cijoho Landeuh – Kuningan
Ph. 0262 75312

7. Letter

Pesan atau informasi yang disampaikan oleh satu seorang untuk seseorang. Informasi penting umumnya termaktub dalam body of the letter, yakni bagian antara salam pembuka (Dear …) dan salam penutup (Sincerely yours).

Contoh:

Jl. Tjut Nyak Dien Dalam 36
Cijoho – Kuningan
January 4, 2008

Dear Prabu,

It has been a long time two years since I last visited your town. In this coming holiday I am planning to have a vacation in your hometown. I’ll be glad if you can accompany me to go to some interesting places there. Don’t forget to take me traditional food courts.
Would you please pick me up at the airport as I will fly there so that I can come to your hometown faster.
I am looking forward to seeing you again next week. I can’t wait to have a good time together.

Sincerely,

Perdana

8. Label

Suatu tulisan singkat (kata/frasa) yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan atau menggambarkan identitas suatu barang.

Contoh:

9. Descriptive

Teks yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang spesifik: seseorang, suatu benda, suatu tempat, seekor binatang. Teks description meng-highlight satu orang/benda/tempat/ binatang secara khusus. Teks description menyodorkan banyak informasi tentang orang/ benda/tempat/binatang tertentu secara gamblang, [sering] rinci, [acapkali] dapat divisualisasikan.

Teks description umumnya memiliki struktur:
- identification, pengenalan subjek atau hal yang akan dideskripsikan.
- description, penginformasian ciri-ciri subjek—misalnya sifat-sifat psikologis, perilaku, tampilan fisik, fitur-fitur khas, kualitas, dan sejenisnya.

Contoh:

My Pet

I have a pet. It is a dog and I call it Brownie.

Brownie is a Chinese breed. It is small, fluffy, and cute. It has got thick brown fur. When I cuddle it, the fur feels soft. Brownie does not like bones. Every day it eats soft food like steamed rice, fish or bread. Every morning I give her milk and bread. When I am at school, Brownie plays with my cat. They get along well, and never fight maybe because Brownies does not bark a lot. It treats the other animals in our house gently, and it never eats shoes. Brownie is really a sweet and friendly animal.

10. Report

Hasil pengamatan, penelaahan, penelitian, observasi, atau studi tentang benda, binatang, orang, atau tempat. Participant (yang dideskripsikan) pada report cenderung general. Data yang tersaji umumnya berupa simpulan umum akan karakteristik, ciri, dan atau keberadaan dan keadaan participant. Tujuan teks report adalah untuk menggambarkan participant apa adanya. Bila yang dibicarakan suatu benda, teks report lebih menyoroti fungsi dari benda tersebut.
Teks report lazimnya menyodorkan suatu generalisasi akan participant yang diulas; generalisasi ini umumnya didapat lewat membandingkan yang satu dengan yang lain yang tergolong participant sejenis.

Teks report umumnya memiliki struktur:

- general classification, pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya.
- description, penginformasian ciri-ciri umum/generalisasi yang dimiliki subjek—misalnya sifat-sifat psikologis, perilaku, tampilan fisik, fitur-fitur khas, kualitas, dan sejenisnya.

Contoh:

Although gorillas look ferocious, they are really rather quiet apes. They live in family groups in the thickest parts of the jungles.
A gorilla’s feet, hands, and wrinkled face are bare and black. His fur may be short or long, depending on where he lives.
The short-haired gorilla lives in the hot, damp, tropical forests of western Africa, and the long-haired gorilla lives in the cooler air in the high mountains of central Africa.
A gorilla’s arms are so long; they almost touch the ground, even when he is standing up!
Some wild mountain gorillas weigh as much as you, your father, and your mother all weigh together.
At night the father gorilla sleeps on the ground. But the mother and the baby gorillas sleep in big nests of stick and leaves on the ground, or in the lower branches of trees, where they are safer from prowling animals.

11. Narrative

Jenis teks berupa cerita atau dongeng yang bertujuan menghibur pembaca. Ciri utama teks narrative adalah terdapatnya masalah (atau hal yang dianggap masalah atau pelik) dan langkah yang diambil untuk merespon masalah tersebut—ini umumnya berupa solusi atau penyelesaian. Konten teks narrative dapat berupa cerita khayalan atau kisah nyata yang mendapatkan bumbu-bumbu perekayasa.

Teks narrative umumnya memiliki struktur:

- orientation, pendahuluan atau pembuka berupa pengelanalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat.

- complication/crisis, pengembangan konflik atau pemunculan masalah.

- resolution, penyelesaian konflik atau langkah yang diambil untuk merespon masalah.

- reorientation, penutup—ungkapan-ungkapan yang menunjukkan cerita sudah berakhir, ini sifatnya opsional.

- coda, perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita; sifatnya opsional.

Contoh:

There was once a king who was very powerful and rich. But he was unhappy, because he felt ill all the time. No doctors knew how to cure him, nor did any medicine do him good. One day, he called all his wise men to his palace and asked them what to do. “There is only one way,” said a very old man. “If you can find a happy man, take his shirt and wear it, you’ll be so on cured.”
So the king sent his men to search for all the happy men. They traveled all over the country, but they could not find one. There was nobody who was completely satisfied.
The men were very tired of being long search, and did not know when to go home. Just as they were worrying about that, they saw a workman who was singing merrily while he was at work.
“Are you happy?” they asked the man.
“Yes, I am happy as a lark,” answered the man.
“Give us your shirt,” said the men. “We’ll give you as much money as you need.”
“Alas!” cried the man, “I haven’t got a shirt.”

12. Recount

Jenis teks yang kontennya melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian, atau kegiatan yang menimpa seseorang, atau berupa pengalaman seseorang. Tujuan teks recount adalah untuk memberitahukan atau hiburan.

Teks recount umumnya memiliki struktur:
- orientation, pendahuluan atau pembuka berupa pengelanalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat.
- events, rangkaian kejadian/peristiwa.

- reorientation, penutup—ungkapan-ungkapan yang menunjukkan peristiwa/kejadian/ kegiatan sudah selesai.

- komentar pribadi akan peritiwa yang diutarakan, sifatnya opsional.

Contoh:

On Sunday, my friend and I went to Lake Kintamani in Bali. The water was clean, the temperature was cool and there were trees surrounding the lake.m
On Monday, we visited Tanah Lot. We took pictures of the temple. The scenery was amazing. There was holly water beside the rocky hill and there was a hole occupied by a big snake which was considered sacred by the local people.
On Tuesday, we went to Sangeh where many wild monkeys walked freely and climbed the trees. In the afternoon we went home.

13. Procedure

Untuk memberi petunjuk tentang langkah-langkah/metode/cara-cara melakukan sesuatu. Teks procedure umumnya berisi tips atau serangkaian tindakan atau langkah dalam membuatu suatu barang atau melakukan suatu aktifitas

Teks procedure umumnya memiliki struktur:
- goal, tujuan kegiatan.
- materials, bahan-bahan/barang, sifatnya opsional.
- steps, serangkaian langkah

Contoh:

Rose Flovered Agar Agar

♦ 32 g agar agar strips, cut into short strands and cooked for 1 hour.
♦ 1,5 liter water
♦ 700 g rock sugar, broken into smaller pieces
♦ 5 pandan leaves, tied into a knot
♦ 1 ½ tsp rose essence
♦ 2 drops pink or red food coloring

1. Put agar agar strips and water into a pan and bring to a gentle boil over a medium—low fire till agar agar dissolved.
2. Add rock sugar and pandan leaves and boil for about 5 minutes or until it is dissolved. Discard pandan leaves. Add essence and coloring. Stir to mix well. Pour the mixture into a square tin or agar agar moulds.
3. Leave to cool for 5 to 10 minutes, then put it in the fridge to set for 3 hours. Serve sliced into squares or any shape you fancy.

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Materi diambil dari: IMPLEMENTASI PELATIHAN “SUKSES UJIAN NASIONAL 2009”
DI TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN PROPINSI JAWA BARAT
oleh: Otong Setiawan Djuharie
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